We want to ensure all patients are aware of important information regarding GLP-1 agonist medications (such as tirzepatide, semaglutide, and others) and how they may interact with contraceptive methods. Many patients are purchasing these medications privately online and their GP surgery may not have been made aware.
What are GLP-1 Agonists?
GLP-1 agonists, including medications like Mounjaro (tirzepatide), Ozempic or Wegovy (semaglutide), and others, are prescribed for managing type 2 diabetes and aiding weight loss. They work by slowing down how quickly food leaves the stomach, among other mechanisms.
Impact on Contraception:
- Tirzepatide Users: If you are using tirzepatide, it’s essential to use a barrier method (like condoms) alongside your contraceptive pill for four weeks after starting the medication and after any dose increases. Alternatively, you may wish to consider a non-oral form of contraception during treatment.
- Other GLP-1 Agonists: There’s currently no evidence that semaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, or lixisenatide affect oral contraceptive effectiveness.
What If You Experience Vomiting or Diarrhoea?
GLP-1 agonists can cause vomiting or diarrhoea, which might reduce the effectiveness of the contraceptive pill:
- If you vomit within three hours of taking your pill or have severe diarrhoea lasting over 24 hours, follow guidance for missed pills and consider backup contraception.
Non-Oral Contraceptive Methods:
Contraceptive methods like the coil (IUD), implant, injection, patch, or ring are not affected by GLP-1 agonists. No extra precautions are needed with these methods.
Switching Between GLP-1 Medications:
If you’re switching to tirzepatide from another GLP-1 agonist, use a barrier method for four weeks post-switch and after any dose changes.
Emergency Contraception:
The effect of GLP-1 agonists on oral emergency contraception is still uncertain. The copper IUD remains the most effective and unaffected option. Always inform your healthcare provider about any GLP-1 agonist use when seeking emergency contraception.
Pregnancy Considerations:
GLP-1 agonists should not be used during pregnancy. If planning a pregnancy or if you become pregnant while on treatment, consult your doctor immediately. Washout periods vary by medication:
- Tirzepatide: 1 month
- Semaglutide: 2 months
- Exenatide: 3 months
Further Information:
For more detailed guidance please look at the leaflet here: Patient-information-GLP-1-agonists-and-contraception.pdf, or discuss with your healthcare provider.